Thursday, September 28, 2017

The Unknown of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease that occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). Within the CNS, the immune system attack myelin which is the fatty substance that protects the nerve fibers. The immune system also attacks the nerve fibers themselves. The myelin then forms scar tissue, and the damaged nerve fibers can no longer send normal nerve impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord. Experts consider this disease to be an immune-mediated disease rather than an autoimmune disease because the target of the immune cells is still unknown. There is still so much that is unknown about why this disease occurs. However, there are many ideas of why this disease occurs, but it is believed that there are several interactions of many different factors. These factors can include immunologic, environmental, infectious, and genetic.

Immunologic: Researchers have been able to identify which immune cells are attacking the myelin, the factors that cause them to attack, and the sites that appear to be "more attractive" for the cells to attack.

Environmental:

  1. MS seems to be more frequent further away from the equator.
  2. People born in an area with higher risk of MS rather than lower risk, but move to the area of lower risk before the age of 15 bring about the idea that someone exposed to some environmental agent before puberty may predispose them to develop MS. 
  3. Higher levels of naturally-produced vitamin-D helps support immune function and could help protect against an immune-mediated disease.
  4.  Smoking increases the risk of MS. 

Infectious: Exposure to bacteria, viruses, and other microbes at a young age could increase chances of getting MS because viruses are well known for inflammation or the destruction of myelin.

Genetic: MS is not hereditary, but having a family member with MS can increase the chances of getting developing the disease.

There are so many different ideas and theories behind MS, and studies are still being done. MS is most commonly diagnosed in ages 20 to 50 and is more common in women as well. The more that is understood, the closer we are to finding a cure for MS or a way to get it under control. Hopefully, sometime soon, this disease will have a known cause and someway to cure it.


Citation: 
What Is MS? (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2017, from https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-is-
       MS




4 comments:

  1. Great blog post! I find it very interesting that even though first-degree family members tend to have MS, it isn't defined as being a hereditary disorder. According to the MS National Research Institute, more individuals of Northern European ancestry develop MS which would have led me to think that MS has some sort of genetic cause. Do you know if any further research is being done to categorically rule out a genetic link?


    Citation:
    http://www.ms-national-research.org/how.html

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  2. MS is a very serious and interesting disease. My aunt recently passed away from MS and it was very hard to watch her suffer through the disease. Over a span of 20 years the disease continually got worse. The year of her death she drank and ate through a feeding tube. It is difficult to understand that we can not find a cure for MS. There have been disease-modifying medications which can slow the degradation caused from MS but it is no cure for this horrible disease. It would be a huge breakthrough if we could cure MS. Were you able to find any research leading to a cure of MS? Perhaps relating to gene therapy or stem cells?

    Citation:
    https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/promising-new-treatments#3

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  3. I have always wondered about stem cells as a treatment for MS. My mother has it and when I was younger it was a treatment she wanted to try that was unavailble. Instead my mother has taken a variety of treatments over the years including Rebif, Tysabri and now Ocervus. After seeing the tole my mother has had to endured as a result of her disease, I have always wondered why stem cells are not a viable treatment option available to MS patients.

    The ethical debate of stem cells has always been a hot topic as it surrounds the debate of when life begins and whether the embryos are alive. I believe that the guaranteed life of those with degenerative diseases should be held to a different standard than the possible life of embryos, and as such embryonic stem cells should be an available treatment option. The view of some should not dictate the livelihoods of an entire population, embryonic stem cells offer options to medicine that should be thoroughly explored.

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